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' March 20, 1928.

R. KLEIN PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER Filed April 18, 1924 M13 ATTORNEYS.

Patented Mar. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPH KLEIN, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ANSCO PHOTOPRODUCTS, INC, OF BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

Application filed April 18, 1924. Serial No. 707,521.

My invention relates to photography and particularly to that branch dealing with photographic shutters for cameras.- It is a well known principle in this art that proper cooperation of diap'hragrn aperture and the speed or exposure period of the shutter is necessary to correct results. With photographic shutters of present day construction at least two operations are necessary to bring about this cooperation, one operation for adjusting the diaphragm to the proper aperture and another for setting the shutter speed to regulate'the'ex'posure period. The performance of these acts 'fre-' quently'results' in adi'sastrous delay in preparing the camera for picture taking. Furthermore it is common, particularly among amateurs, to forget or neglect entirely, possibly through ignorance 'to make the proper adjustments before using the camera. 7

The principle above mentioned refers to the established fact that when setting the shutter for-instantaneous or snap shot pictures the diaphragm aperture should be adjusted toafford a comparatively larger light opening than when the shutter mechanismis set for-time exposure, and conversely when the shutter is set for the latter, the diaphragm should be adjusted to render a smaller aperture than for, instantaneous. This for the reason that greater depth and better definition can be obtained by the use of the smaller aperture. Obviously, however, when the speed or length of exposure is limited as when the shutter is set for instantaneous the aperture must be enlarged to admit sufiicient light to produce the image on the sensitized material regardless of depth or definition.

The principal object of my invention is to construct a shutter wherein the diaphragm is automatically and simultaneously adjusted to the proper aperture upon the setting of' the speed or exposure COIltIOlling element. 1 7

Another object is-to' incorporate into a shutter of the character described a novel diaphragm and adjusting means therefor which is positive in operation and extremely simple in construction. n c 7 A further object is to produce a shutter containing the above features without detracting rom the conventional shape and ornamental appearance of the same.

More specifically it is my purpose to provide a shutterdiaphragm of the swinging leaf type provided with a relatively small aperture which is automatically swung into and out of position with respect tothelens,

simultaneously with and upon the operation for setting of the speed controlling element.

Other objects and advantages in details of construction and operation will be apparent as the description proceeds, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference numerals indicate like partsl In the drawing: -F1g. l is a front view of Fig. 3 is identical with Fig. 2 except that the parts are shown in the position occupied:

when set for time exposure.

Fig. 4 is a face view of the shutter with the cover plate and lens cap removed .and with parts broken away for clearness in illustrating the operation of my improved diaphragm.

' Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the or underside of the controlling ring.

Fig. 6 is a detail face view of the lens cap.

Fig. 7 is a side view of the same.

I have indicated my improved shutter generally by the reference character 1 which as shown, includes a cover plate 2 secured to the body of the shutter as by screws 3, a trigger or operating member 4 and a con trolling ring 5 which projects slightly beyond the periphery of the shutter body whereby said ring may be rotated. A V shaped notch or other indicator 6 is placed at one point in the periphery of the controlling ring 5 and cooperates with the speed indications 7 on the cover plate 2, in this instance indicating instantaneous and time exposures. I I

The body of the shutter is formed centrally thereof in front of the lens (not shown) with a protruding ring or bearing surface 8 over which the controlling ring 5' fitS and uponwhich it rotates.- The inner" surface of the member 8 is screw threaded to receive bottom my improved shutter'the same being shownadjusted for:

a cap 9,.theaii1side of which, asshown clearly in Figs. 6 and 7, is conical in shape, terminating at the bottom in a comparatively large'faperturelO; The'- outside of the cap 9 is screw threaded as at '11 whereby the same may be secured in the member 8. It will be noted that when the cap is screwed in position the aperture-l0--lies directly adjacent and in front of the diaphragm 12, andfiwhen the diaphragm is swung away fromjtheipo'sition shown in-Fig. A, opening 10 iactsias the: effective diaphragnji aperture forzthelens.

- -Ups tanding:po sts 13.secured to the shutter body project thru slots 14 in the controlling ring 5 whereby the same is guided and lim-;

lfBdklI l. its movement;- {The controlling ring is;als0 provided with' a slotihaving an enlarged portion :15 .:-and a comparatively narrow :portion 16. Brojecting into: this @slot is the end lTof-a' leverlwhioh is connetctedto the shutter blade controllin -.inechani'sm 01' theshutte'r (not'ishown) .Jx'l 'is arrangement and construction is' ofawconventional' type old i in the art and forms-no .part of; this mvention. Sufiice it to say by :way of explanation ithatwhenthe controlling ring is set for instantaneous exposuregas shownin F g.

' 2," the lever-i17- Ei's confined in :the narrow Yportion-3160f the slot where it is-una'ble to move downwardly and permit-the -'well known locking action. iii the shutter (1)] a de mechanism resulting in time 1 exposure. I When,

\ however, the controlling ring is:m0ved 1io the position-shown in Fig. 3 the lever' fll' upon Loperation of the; trigger. member 4- is permitted :to 'rnove downward'ly into the; enlarged-partilfipf the slot'where it performs such lockin action for time exposure and thus' nces's'iiating a second'operation' of the trigger t "to release the mechahism and close the shutter. A i

The controlling ring is provided \vitha pin 18 projectingdownwardly from thesurface of the rin for-a purpose to be described. 'Pivotedat lt) beneath the controlling'ring fi is'tlie diaphragm-12 comprising (as shown in Fig. 4) a thin :leaf or sheet-'01P metal having centrally thereof an opening 20 relatively smaller than the openingi10 in the cap 9. Oneend'of the'diaphragm 12 i s'bifurcated as at 21 the't vo fingers or arms thereof extending on 'opposite Sides of the pin '18-whereby'upon rotation of thecontrolling ring 5 said pin will'engage one of the anneal thus-"roe ingt-he diaphragm 12 "on itspivotbringing.theopeningz20i-into orlout of lens covering position-'directly-ba'ck of the cap 9. 'As -wi'll he:':read ily understood this fforins a ready'ineans for changing ;t11e effective aperture "ofthe' lens an'dfiby virtue of jth'e' pin connection between the -"controlling ring and the diaphragm: the action "of s'aiddiaplinigm is automatfcailyfscontroiled upon the manipulation of the controlling ring to set the shutter at its given speed or exposure controlling positions. As is oi vious from Fig. 4 movement of the controlling ring to set the shutter for instantaneous exposure results in swinging the diaphragm 12 back .awayfroni the center of the shutter asshoivn in dotted lines thus leaving the effective aperture as the opening 10. \Vhen the controlling ring 5 is turned to position for time exposure the diaphragm 12 is simultaneously swung downwardly to bring the aperture 20 into position for governing the exposure as shown in Fig. 3. 'lhe bifurcated end 21 of the diaphragm I2 is shown in Fig. 4 as upstanding at to insure engagement-thereof with the pin 18.

The operation ofltheshutterf is obvious from the foregoing description ofits parts and need not, therefore, be again described indetail. .It will be apparent to those skilled inzthe art that ,many variations in details of formany construction-are possible without departing from the scope of my invention. I do not limit myself, therefore-to the form shown and described other thanby the appended claims.

1 claim:

l. .A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling element, a lens cap provided with a relatively large'aperture, a pivoted diaphragm provided with a.rela'- tively small aperture, andn eans-whereby operation of-the set-ting cont-rolling element results in swinging said diaphragm into or outofoperative position' I I 1 2. A photographic shutter including settings ifor- ,inst-antaneous and time ex posures, controlling means for said settings, a pivoted diaphragm provided with a relatively small aperture, a lens cap provided with a relatively-large aperture, and means whereby operation of the controlling-means to instantaneous or time settings will result respectively in rocking said diaphragm out of and into operative position.

3.- A photographic shutter including settings for instantaneous and time exposures, controlling means for said settings, a pivoted diaphragm provided 'witha relatively small aperture, a lens cap provided with-a relatively large aperture, and means on said controlling means-whereby operation of the controlling means to instantanc ous or time settings will result respectively iin rocking-said diaphragm out ofa-nd into operative position. v

v 4. *A photographic :shuttercomprising setting-controlling'nieans, apivoted diaphragm provided with a relativelysmall-aperture and means .onsaid controlling means -for rocking ?said- --'diaphragm {into and out- 0f operative position 'upon movement 0f! said controllingimeahs. 7

A '-.-pho.tographic shjlt-te'r wc omprising means for making instantaneous and loo time exposures, a controlling device for the same, a pivoted diaphragm provided with a relatively small aperture, a lens cap provided with a relatively largeraperture, and a pin carried by said controlling means and cooperating with said diaphragm where by the effective aperture of the lens is simultaneously enlarged when the shutter is set for instantaneous and reduced when the same is set for time exposures.

6. A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling element including a rotatable ring provided with a pin, a diaphragm pivoted in said shutter and having an aperture near one end thereof, and means on the opposite end of said diaphragm whereby said pin may engage with and rock said diaphragm on its pivot.

7. A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling ring, a pin on said ring, a pivoted diaphragm provided with an aperture, one end of said diaphragm being bifurcated to engage with said pin whereby movement of said setting controlling ring results in movement of said diaphragm 8. A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling ring, a pin on said ring, a pivoted diaphragm provided with an aperture, one end of said diaphragm being offset and bifurcated to engage with said pin whereby movement of said setting controlling ring results in movement of said diaphragm.

9. A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling ring, a diaphragm provided with an aperture and movable into and out of operative position, and means on said controlling ring for moving said diaphragm simultaneously with the operation of said controlling ring.

10. A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling ring, a one piece diaphragm provided with an aperture and mo"- able into and out of operative position, and means on said controlling ring for moving said diaphragm simultaneously with the operation of said controlling ring.

11. A photographic shutter comprising a setting controlling ring, a one piece diaphragm provided with an aperture and movable into and out of operative position, and means on said controlling ring for moving said diaphragm simultaneously with the operation of said controlling ring, said means including a pin carried by said ring and engaging with a part of said diaphragm.

RUDOLPH KLEIN. 

